In particle physics, a superpartner (also sparticleInvisibility toggler 1.2 free download for mac. ) is a class of hypothetical elementary particles. Supersymmetry is one of the synergistic theories in current high-energy physics that predicts the existence of these “shadow' particles.^[1][2]

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When considering extensions of the Standard Model, the s- prefix from sparticle is used to form names of superpartners of the Standard Model fermions (sfermions),^[3] e.g. the stop squark. The superpartners of Standard Model bosons have an -ino (bosinos)^[3] appended to their name, e.g. gluino, the set of all gauge superpartners are called the gauginos.

Theoretical predictions[edit]

According to the supersymmetry theory, each fermion should have a partner boson, the fermion's superpartner, and each boson should have a partner fermion. Exact unbroken supersymmetry would predict that a particle and its superpartners would have the same mass. No superpartners of the Standard Model particles have yet been found. This may indicate that supersymmetry is incorrect, or it may also be the result of the fact that supersymmetry is not an exact, unbroken symmetry of nature. If superpartners are found, their masses would indicate the scale at which supersymmetry is broken.^[1][4]

For particles that are real scalars (such as an axion), there is a fermion superpartner as well as a second, real scalar field. For axions, these particles are often referred to as axinos and saxions.

In extended supersymmetry there may be more than one superparticle for a given particle. For instance, with two copies of supersymmetry in four dimensions, a photon would have two fermion superpartners and a scalar superpartner.^{[citation needed]}

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In zero dimensions it is possible to have supersymmetry, but no superpartners. However, this is the only situation where supersymmetry does not imply the existence of superpartners.^{[citation needed]}

Recreating superpartners[edit]

If the supersymmetry theory is correct, it should be possible to recreate these particles in high-energy particle accelerators. Doing so will not be an easy task; these particles may have masses up to a thousand times greater than their corresponding 'real' particles.^[1]

Some researchers have hoped the Large Hadron Collider at CERN might produce evidence for the existence of superpartner particles.^[1] However, as of 2018, no such evidence has been found.

See also[edit]

• Gluino – as a superpartner of the Gluon
• Gravitino – as a superpartner of the hypothetical graviton
• Higgsino – as a superpartner of the Higgs Field

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdLangacker, Paul (November 22, 2010). Sprouse, Gene D. (ed.). 'Meet a superpartner at the LHC'. Physics. New York: American Physical Society. 3 (98). Bibcode:2010PhyOJ..3..98L. doi:10.1103/Physics.3.98. ISSN1943-2879. OCLC233971234. Archived from the original on 2011-01-29. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
2. ^Overbye, Dennis (May 15, 2007). 'A Giant Takes On Physics' Biggest Questions'. The New York Times. Manhattan, New York: Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr. p. F1. ISSN0362-4331. OCLC1645522. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
3. ^ ^abAlexander I. Studenikin (ed.), Particle Physics in Laboratory, Space and Universe, World Scientific, 2005, p. 327.
4. ^Quigg, Chris (January 17, 2008). 'Sidebar: Solving the Higgs Puzzle'. Scientific American. Nature Publishing Group. ISSN0036-8733. OCLC1775222. Archived from the original on 2011-03-19. Retrieved 21 February 2011.

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Elementary particle physics, or high energy physics (HEP), is the study of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Why is our universe composed of matter rather than antimatter? Why do seemingly superfluous heavier relatives accompany the quarks and the electrons that we need to explain ordinary matter? Can we reconstruct the processes of the Big Bang and understand how the universe evolved into its present state? These are the questions that motivate the work of the faculty and graduate students who are engaged in HEP research.

The experimental particle physics group at the University of Minnesota is engaged on numerous fronts in this exciting worldwide campaign. Our group is led by nine professors and includes twelve postdoctoral research associates, eighteen graduate students, numerous undergraduate students, and a sizable technical staff. Their tools are wonderfully sophisticated (and expensive!) - particle accelerators, laboratories located deep underground, amazingly complex detectors, and powerful computer systems that process massive data samples.

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